Classification of Chinese Martial Arts

Martial arts have been created and developed forand internal components. This classification scheme
self-defense and survival throughout humanis only a reminder of the initial emphasis of a
history. Chinese martial arts is generally calledparticular style and should not be considered an
Wushu, where Wu means military and shu meansabsolute division. Roughly speaking, the distinction
art, thus Wushu means the art of fighting. Properbetween internal and external martial arts can
martial-arts training can improve physical ability,refer to whether the strength is from the torso
health, and willpower and mental discipline. The souland legs (internal) or whether the strength is
of the martial art is to increase a person's innerderived from training of the more specific arm
quality, not setting fighting as the purpose. Martialand leg muscles (external). Internal styles focus on
arts have thousands of years' history. Over thethe practice of such elements as awareness of
past two to four thousand years, many distinctivethe spirit, mind, qi and the use of relaxed leverage
styles have been developed, each with its ownrather than unrefined muscular tension, tension
set of techniques and ideas.that soft stylists call "brute force". External style
Since there are various styles, it is very difficultis characterized by fast and explosive
to classify Chinese martial arts. There are alsomovements and a focus on physical strength and
common themes to the different styles , whichagility. External styles begin with a training focus
are often classified by "families" or "schools" ofon muscular power, speed and application, and
martial art styles. Each style offers a differentgenerally integrate their qigong aspects in
approach to the common problems ofadvanced training, after their desired "hard"
self-defense, health and self-cultivation.physical level has been reached. Example of
Traditionally, Chinese martial arts can be classifiedexternal styles is Shaolinquan.
by the following three main methods:According to geographical classification, the
(1) External and internal classificationChinese martial arts can be divided into northern
(2) Geographical classificationand southern style, referring to which part of
(3) Religious classificationChina the styles originated from, separated by
Internal and external classifications only becamethe Yangtze River. The main perceived difference
popular during the Republican period. It was usedabout northern and southern styles is that the
to differentiate between two completing groupsnorthern styles tend to emphasize fast and
within the Central Guoshu Academy. Regardlesspowerful kicks, high jumps and generally fluid and
of the origin of this classification scheme, therapid movement, while the southern styles focus
distinction becomes less meaningful since allmore on strong arm and hand techniques, and
complete Chinese martial art styles have externalstable, immovable stances and fast footwork.