A Brief History of Karate - Part I of III

Karate-do, in all its various forms, finds its originsmerchants, Chinese officials on diplomatic missions,
in one place - the Ryukyu islands off the coast ofand young members of wealthy Okinawan
Japan. What we know as one of the most widelyfamilies who went to China to learn "Quan Fa" /
practiced systems of self defense and discipline inkung fu to further their education and martial arts
the world is the result of centuries ofstudies. The general name given to the fighting
development. While Karate-do was introduced asarts learned and further refined by the Okinawan
a code of ethics to a peacetime America only amartial artists was tode-jutsu (alternately spelled
few decades ago, it began through the need oftou-di), the Okinawan name given to Chinese
Ryukyu natives for better methods of fighting.martial arts.
There are a few theories about the origins of theIn February 1609, invasion of Okinawa by the
fighting arts that later became collectively knownSatsuma clan (of Kyushu, Japan) triggered
as Karate-do. However, it is certain that manyanother period of rapid development of native
notable Chinese kung fu practitioners settled inOkinawan fighting arts. Satsuma control lasted until
Okinawa, the capital of the Ryukyu kingdom.1879, when the King of Ryukyu finally abdicated
The origins of the Chinese arts themselves areand the country became part of Japan.
also shrouded in the mists of time. A widelyDuring this period, kobudo (often translated "old
accepted theory is that Bodhidharma, the founderfighting method"; commonly used to represent
of Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism created what would laterOkinawan weapon fighting) evolved. Farm
evolve into Shaolin kung-fu. The original exercisesimplements were used as weapons, as traditional
were used to strengthen his monks' bodies,weapons were not allowed. However, some of
minds, and spirits, to help them better fulfill theirthe native Ryukyu warrior class traveled up to
duties. This level of personal cultivation carriedthe Satsuma clan in the later part of the 19th
across to many Chinese martial arts. By way ofcentury and learned their samurai fighting art
transmission to other countries, this carried acrossJigen-ryu kenjutsu. It was not long after this that
to other martial arts, Karate-do being one ofSokon Matsumura, "Toudi" Sakugawa, and Tsuken
them.Koura, among the many who had made the trip,
Details are rather sketchy at best as to theintroduced their contributions to kobudo.
actual origins of Karate-do, however. It is mostMatsumura is commonly considered the great
widely accepted that in the year 1507, thegrandfather of the karate movement in and
weapons ban passed by King Sho Shin led to thearound Shuri. He learned native Okinawan fighting
rapid development of native unarmed fighting arts.from Sakugawa (who in turn learned from
These arts were primarily influenced by variousKusankun and other masters). He later studied in
forms of Chinese kung fu, which OkinawansFujian and Satsuma. He learned Shaolin Boxing
began learning in the 14th century.(Shorin-ryu) under the tutelage of master Iwah.
Okinawans learned forms of Shaolin kung fu fromAs a result of the efforts of Matsumura, the
Shaolin masters who fled China as a result of thefighting arts that surfaced around the noble /
oppressive Qing dynasty. Okinawans also learnedcastle district of Shuri came to be known as
various forms of kung fu from ChineseShuri-te (Shuri hand).